汉江中下游梯级枢纽联合生态调度对产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的效应研究     

雷欢  陈锋  谢文星  陈金生  金瑶  黄道明 《湖泊科学》2022,34(4):1219-1233

为促进汉江中下游鱼类繁殖,2018年6月汉江中下游首次实施梯级联合生态调度试验.该研究在汉江中下游钟祥、沙洋、泽口、仙桃江段设置监测断面,采集鱼类早期资源,并在兴隆枢纽泄洪闸上、下开展鱼类溯流集群情况监测,以分析生态调度对促进汉江中下游鱼类繁殖的效果.监测结果表明汉江中下游鱼卵种类共有26种(属),其中产漂流性卵鱼类22种.监测期间漂流性卵径流量为143411万粒,其中四大家鱼卵径流量为4887万粒,占3.41%,推测汉江中下游有6处成规模的产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场.生态调度期间,坝下鱼类溯流集群随兴隆枢纽调度过程发生变化,钟祥和仙桃江段均出现两次鱼类产卵高峰,鱼卵径流量占总径流量的61.66%,并监测到四大家鱼卵,表明梯级联合生态调度结合区间来水,对汉江下游鱼类,特别是四大家鱼的繁殖具有积极的作用.  相似文献   

哈密翼龙骨骼及其蛋（胚胎）化石差异风化原因分析     

韩向娜  赵文华  陈熜  蒋顺兴  汪筱林 《地质论评》2021,67(6):67120002-67120002

翼龙骨骼及其蛋与胚胎化石对研究翼龙生殖和胚胎发育方面具有重要意义。在哈密戈壁发现的一件超过200枚翼龙蛋、胚胎和骨骼三位一体保存的哈密翼龙化石标本从极干旱强盐碱的戈壁滩搬运至相对潮湿的环境后,就会发生明显的风化破碎,表现为由外向内逐渐蚕食性风化,富含骨骼/蛋化石的区域风暴岩快速发生崩解,造成化石脱落,不含化石的区域砂岩情况稳定。针对在同一件标本上发生差异风化的现象,本文利用PLM、XRD、MIP、IC、Raman、FTIR、SEM- EDS等多种分析方法,对出现风化的围岩与稳定区域围岩进行对比研究,探寻出现不同风化表现的原因。结果表明,风化区域围岩的黏土矿物（Ca型蒙脱石为主）含量较低,孔隙较大,孔径是稳定区域围岩的7倍以上,可溶盐含量较高,是稳定区域的约36倍,可溶盐种类以极易潮解的CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2·4H2O为主,而稳定区域围岩中可溶盐主要是NaCl和Na2SO4。通过模拟风化实验说明,造成化石标本出现差异风化的原因有以下两点,一是富集翼龙骨骼和蛋（胚胎）区域的风暴岩结构不均一、孔隙较大,结构疏松,内部胶结较弱;二是该化石区域中对温湿度变化敏感的易潮解钙盐含量较高,加之化石与围岩边界不均一性极大,与稳定区域围岩的致密均匀不同,在北京四季温湿度变化下更容易迅速风化。根据风化原因对此类标本的风化治理提出一些初步建议。本研究对发掘出的干旱地区特异埋藏的化石标本的保存及保护具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Calanoid copepod resting egg abundance and hatching success in the sediment of the Seine estuary (France)     

Olivier Glippa  Sami Souissi  Lionel Denis  Sandric Lesourd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Benthic, viable resting eggs of calanoid copepods were found for the first time in the Seine estuary (France) during July 2008. Vertical distribution of the resting eggs in the sediment was determined up to 10 cm depth. Hatching success of the eggs extracted from different 1-cm thick sediment layers was experimentally tested immediately after extraction and after a long refractory phase (i.e. 11 months) of storage at low temperature (4–5 °C). The hatching success of resting eggs obtained immediately after sediment incubation was lower (0.72%) than the value observed after 11 months (4.50%) with an overall hatching success of 2.37%. The marine, calanoid copepod Temora longicornis was the primary species to hatch from the eggs; however, the estuarine calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis also hatched from resting eggs. The mean abundance of eggs found in sediment (1.42 × 10⁶ eggs m⁻²) was comparable to that reported for other marine and estuarine calanoid copepods. The Seine estuary sediment had a high variability of egg abundance (between 0.14 and 8.10 × 10⁷ eggs m⁻³) suggesting that the hydrodynamics of this macrotidal estuary are likely responsible for this variability. Significant sediment resuspension occurs in the Seine estuary during flood periods and spring tides leading to resting eggs to contribute along the year to the nauplii recruitment of calanoid copepods. On average, around 400,000 nauplii m⁻³ month⁻¹ of the main calanoid copepods can emerge from the surface layer sediment in the Seine estuary, suggesting that resting eggs could play an important role in the population dynamics of key calanoid copepods in the Seine estuary.  相似文献   

Biophysical models of larval dispersal in the Benguela Current ecosystem     

C Lett  CD van der Lingen  BR Loveday  CL Moloney 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):457-465

We synthesise and update results from the suite of biophysical, larval-dispersal models developed in the Benguela Current ecosystem. Biophysical models of larval dispersal use outputs of physical hydrodynamic models as inputs to individual-based models in which biological processes acting during the larval life are included. In the Benguela, such models were first applied to simulate the dispersal of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and sardine Sardinops sagax ichthyoplankton, and more recently of the early life stages of chokka-squid Loligo reynaudii and Cape hakes Merluccius spp. We identify how the models have helped advance understanding of key processes for these species. We then discuss which aspects of the early life of marine species in the Benguela Current ecosystem are still not well understood and could benefit from new modelling studies.  相似文献   

几种药物对中国对虾卵子的消毒试验   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

潘鲁青 《海洋湖沼通报》1994,(1):62-67

本文试验了几种药物对中国对虾卵子表面细菌的杀灭力以及卵子对消毒药物的耐受力。试验结果表明，利用适当浓度的药物对卵子消毒可以消除病原体的来源和传播途径，减少对虾育期各种疾病的发生而又不致于对卵子的孵化率产生显著影响。  相似文献   

A potential source of recruitment of Acartia pacifica nauplii: viable benthic resting eggs     

WANG Guizhong  JIANG Xiaodong  LI Shaojing  WU Lisheng  WU Dingxun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(2):151-158

Many estuarine and coastal planktonic copepods depend on the hatching of benthic resting eggs for recruitment of nauplii to the water column population. The distribution and abundance of viable resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in the Xiamen Bay were determined by the presence of nauplii in the laboratory. The number of viable eggs varied temporally and spatially. The maximum number (9.2×10⁴m^-2) of viable eggs was in summer. In spring the average abundance of viable eggs was 5.6×10⁴ m^-2. The abundances of viable eggs in fall and winter were similar, respectively 2.7×10⁴ and 3.3×10⁴ m^-2, which were the lowest in the year. The numbers of viable eggs inside the stations of the Xiamen Bay were higher than those outside the stations. The viable eggs were found at all depths (0～10 cm),although not in every station. The maximin number did not necessarily occur in the uppermost centimeter of the sediments but often occurred several centimeters below the water-sediment interface. The accumulation of viable eggs in the seabed of a subtropical bay constitutes a potential source of recruitment of nauplii into the pelagic population.  相似文献   

Statistical analysis of the distribution of fish eggs and larvae on the southeastern U.S. continental shelf with comments on oceanographic processes that may affect larval survival     

James A. Yoder 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(6):637-650

Data collected in 1953 and 1954 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service were statistically analyzed to ascertain where and when fish eggs and larvae are most abundant on the southeastern U.S. continental shelf. The results are related to some oceanographic processes that might affect the survival of larval fish. Along-shelf differences in numbers of eggs and larvae are minimal compared with differences that occur across the shelf. Highest numbers of fish larvae are found on the outer shelf during fall, winter and spring, but larvae are evenly distributed across the shelf in summer.Upwelling strongly influences the dynamics of plankton production on the outer shelf, and thus during most seasons of the year upwelling may be the most important process controlling the amount of food available to larval fish. During winter and spring, mean winds do not favor shoreward transport of larval fish from the outer shelf if the larvae are located in near-surface waters. Thus, during these seasons variability of winds on the ‘event’ time scale may be more important to onshore and offshore transport of larval fish than the mean strength and direction of monthly or seasonally averaged winds.  相似文献   

东海夏季日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)和鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)鱼卵仔鱼分布特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

蒋玫  王云龙 《海洋与湖沼》2007,38(4):351-355

采用1999年6—8月间在东海(26°30′—32°30′N、121°00′—128°00′E)的日本鲭和鱼卵仔鱼综合调查资料,对鱼卵仔鱼的数量分布的生态特征进行分析,并就平面分布与水文环境的关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明,鱼卵分布范围较仔鱼要大,高值区主要出现在南部近海的鱼外渔场,鱼仔鱼则在近海的长江口外渔场分布较多。日本鲭仔鱼的摄食对水温盐度的要求较亲鱼产卵的水文环境要严格许多,鱼产卵受水温和盐度的影响控制较仔鱼的育肥更为显著。两种鱼卵仔鱼数量平面分布状况与黄海冷水、江浙沿岸流、台湾暖流以及黑潮在本区运动消长而产生的温、盐变化存在着密切关系,日本鲭和鱼的鱼卵数量随着浮游动物丰度减少而逐渐增加,鱼仔鱼的数量则随着浮游动物丰度的增加而增加,浮游生物饵料生物的变动对鱼卵仔鱼的分布也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

虾池中桡足类及其休眠卵携带对虾白斑综合症病毒的初步调查研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张家松  董双林  董云伟  闫冬春  田相利  刘相义 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(3):405-408,412

探讨对虾白斑综合症(White Spot Syndrome WSS)与虾池中桡足类之间的关系,于2003年5~10月份,在暴发过对虾白斑综合症的池塘中采集桡足类样品共128个,并从冬季底泥样品分离出桡足类休眠卵样品20个,以及此种休眠卵孵化得来的桡足类幼体样品5个。利用PCR斑点杂交法以及巢式PCR法检测样品中对虾白斑综合症病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus WSSV)携带情况。结果表明,5~10月份桡足类样品中均能检测到阳性样品,总的阳性率为56.3%;其中,5月份样品阳性率为37.5%,6,8,9,10月份各取样1次,每次样品中的阳性率均在60%以上。在20例桡足类休眠卵样品中有1例为阳性,阳性率为5%;并且实验室中孵化此种休眠卵得来的桡足类幼体样品中检测到阳性,阳性率为40%。本研究初步表明,桡足类是WSSV的携带者或传播媒介之一,且冬季池塘底泥中携带WSSV的桡足类休眠卵可萌发出带病毒的桡足类。  相似文献   

Size‐fecundity relationships in the smooth oreo,Pseudocyttus maculatus,and the black oreo,Allocyttus niger (Pisces: Oreosomatidae) (note)     

Anne M. Conroy  Neville W. Pankhurst 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):525-527

Fecundity estimates were made from 72 smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus Gilchrist, 1906) and 77 black oreo (Allocyttus niger James, Inada & Nakamura, 1988) with oocytes in late vitellogenesis, captured from the south Chatham Rise during November 1986. Absolute fecundities ranged from 6000 to 84 000 for smooth oreo and 5000 to 62 000 for black oreo, with relative fecundities of 10 800 and 17 500 eggs per kg body weight for smooth and black oreos, respectively. Both species have absolute and relative fecundities within the same order of magnitude as orange roughy, but one to two orders of magnitude lower than six other commercially exploited fish species from the New Zealand continental shelf or slope region. The comparatively low fecundity of the oreo species could contribute to susceptibility to overfishing.  相似文献